GR5 Titanium Alloy (Ti-6Al-4V): Composition, Properties, and Applications
Jan 20, 2026
What Is GR5 Titanium Alloy?
GR5 titanium alloy, designated Ti-6Al-4V, is an alpha-beta two-phase titanium alloy. Aluminum acts as an alpha stabilizer that increases strength and heat resistance, while vanadium acts as a beta stabilizer that improves ductility and toughness. Impurity elements such as iron, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and hydrogen are strictly controlled to guarantee consistent mechanical performance.
Chemical Composition
| Element | Content (wt.%) |
|---|---|
| Titanium | Balance |
| Aluminum | 5.5 - 6.75 |
| Vanadium | 3.5 - 4.5 |
| Iron | 0.40 max |
| Oxygen | 0.20 max |
| Carbon | 0.08 max |
| Nitrogen | 0.05 max |
| Hydrogen | 0.015 max |
Physical Properties
Density: approximately 4.43 g/cm3, slightly lower than commercially pure titanium at 4.51 g/cm3.
Melting point: approximately 1650 degrees Celsius, suitable for high-temperature applications.
Magnetic properties: completely non-magnetic, which eliminates magnetic interference in aerospace instruments and medical imaging equipment.
Mechanical Properties
In the annealed condition per ASTM B265, GR5 provides a minimum tensile strength of 895 MPa and a minimum yield strength of 828 MPa. Typical annealed tensile strength ranges from 895 to 1000 MPa depending on section size and processing history. Elongation is 10 percent minimum, and the alloy retains good toughness down to cryogenic temperatures. It exhibits excellent fatigue performance under high-frequency alternating loads and strong creep resistance in service below approximately 400 degrees Celsius.
Corrosion Resistance
GR5 forms a dense, self-healing oxide film that provides strong protection in the atmosphere, seawater, and many acidic and alkaline media. It resists chloride-induced pitting and stress corrosion cracking better than most stainless steels, which is why it is widely used in marine engineering and chemical processing equipment.
Application Fields
Aerospace
GR5 is used for aircraft engine components, airframe structures, landing gear parts, and fasteners, where the strength-to-weight ratio directly improves payload and fuel efficiency.
Medical
GR5 is used for surgical instruments and load-bearing implants. For permanent implants, the ELI variant Grade 23 per ASTM F136 is preferred for its higher toughness and biocompatibility.
Automotive and Motorsport
Exhaust systems, suspension springs, and fasteners made from GR5 reduce unsprung mass and improve performance and fuel economy.
Marine and Chemical Industry
Seawater desalination equipment, offshore platforms, corrosion-resistant piping, valves, and storage tanks benefit from the alloy resistance to seawater and aggressive chemicals.
Sports Equipment
Bicycle frames, golf club heads, and tennis rackets use GR5 for its combination of light weight, strength, and durability.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is GR5 the same as Ti-6Al-4V?
Yes. GR5 is the Chinese grade designation for the alloy that is known internationally as Ti-6Al-4V and as titanium Grade 5 in the ASTM system.
What is the density of GR5 titanium alloy?
The density is approximately 4.43 g/cm3, about 56 percent of the density of carbon steel.
Can GR5 titanium be welded?
Yes, GR5 can be welded with TIG, MIG, plasma, and electron beam processes, provided that the joint is protected with high-purity argon shielding.
Is GR5 suitable for medical implants?
GR5 is used for surgical instruments, but for permanent implants the extra low interstitial variant Ti-6Al-4V ELI, or Grade 23, is specified to meet ASTM F136.
What is the maximum service temperature of GR5?
GR5 is generally rated for continuous service up to approximately 400 degrees Celsius, above which creep resistance and oxidation behaviour must be reviewed for the specific application.
How does GR5 compare with commercially pure titanium?
GR5 offers roughly twice the strength of pure titanium grades with a small reduction in formability and weldability, which makes it the preferred choice for load-bearing structural applications.
