Basic knowledge of titanium properties and specific strength advantages

Titanium is an element with atomic number 22 in the periodic table, a subgroup element of the fourth cycle, the NB group (also known as the titanium subgroup), which has zirconium and hafnium in addition to titanium, and is characterized in common by a high melting point, and high corrosion resistance due to the formation of a stable oxide film on its surface at room temperature. Titanium is a rare metal, the abundance in the earth's crust accounted for the seventh, 0.42%.

Titanium has a metallic luster and is ductile. Density of 4.5g/cm3, melting point of 1668 ℃, boiling point of 3287 ℃. The valence +2, +3 and +4, ionization energy is 6.82 eV. The main characteristics of titanium are low density, high strength, easy to process. The plasticity of titanium mainly depends on the hand purity. The purer the titanium, the greater the plasticity. It has good corrosion resistance.

Ten major characteristics of titanium: ① small density, high strength, specific strength; ② corrosion resistance; ③ good heat resistance; ④ good low-temperature performance; ⑤ non-magnetic; ⑥ thermal conductivity is small; ⑦ small modulus of elasticity; ⑧ tensile strength and yield strength close to; ⑨ titanium at high temperatures is easily oxidized; ⑩ low resistance to damping properties.

Titanium density is 4.5g/cm3, 57% of steel; titanium is less than two times heavier than aluminum, three times stronger than aluminum. Specific strength that is the ratio of strength and density, and different materials for comparison, titanium alloy specific strength is almost the largest of the commonly used industrial alloys. The specific strength of titanium alloy is 3.5 times that of stainless steel, 1.3 times that of aluminum alloy, and 1.7 times that of magnesium alloy, so it is an indispensable structural material for the aerospace industry.