GR1 Titanium Data Sheet

Oxygen is the most important element. Lower oxygen means softer and more formable. Higher oxygen means stronger but less ductile. GR1 has the lowest oxygen of any commercial pure titanium grade.

4.51 grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm³).

GR1 titanium is about 40 percent lighter than steel. The same size pipe or tube weighs much less. This matters for shipping costs, handling, and final product weight.

How to calculate weight for GR1 titanium pipe:

Formula for kilograms per meter: (OD in mm - wall in mm) x wall in mm x 0.0142

Example for 50.8mm OD x 2.77mm wall: (50.8 - 2.77) x 2.77 x 0.0142 = 1.89 kg per meter

120 to 200 HV (Vickers hardness).

For comparison:

GR1 is soft for a metal. It is about the same hardness as mild steel. This softness makes it easy to form and bend. But it also means the surface scratches easily. Handle carefully during fabrication.

170 to 310 MPa (megapascals), depending on temper and processing.

Yield strength is the stress at which the material starts to deform permanently. Below this number, the material springs back. Above this number, it bends and stays bent.

GR1 is not a high strength material. If your part needs to hold heavy loads or high pressure, GR1 may not be strong enough. Use GR2 (275-450 MPa) or GR5 (828 MPa min) for higher strength requirements.

For most corrosion resistant applications, GR1 strength is plenty. A heat exchanger tube does not see high stress. A chemical reactor liner just needs to hold its shape.

240 MPa minimum.

GR1 has lower tensile strength than most common metals. Do not use it for load bearing parts. Use it where corrosion resistance and formability matter more than strength.

24 percent minimum.

105 GPa (gigapascals).

Modulus of elasticity (Young's modulus) is the stiffness of the material. It tells you how much the material deflects under load.

GR1 titanium is about half as stiff as steel. For the same size and shape, a titanium part will deflect about twice as much as a steel part under the same load.

About 55 microhm-centimeters at room temperature.

About 16 W/m·K (watts per meter per Kelvin).

GR1 thermal conductivity is similar to stainless steel. It is not a good heat conductor. In heat exchangers, the thin tube wall compensates for the low conductivity. Thicker walls would not transfer heat well.

1660 degrees Celsius (3020 degrees Fahrenheit).

GR1 is the softest, most formable, and least strong. GR2 is the middle choice. GR5 is the strongest but hardest to form and most expensive.

1. What is the maximum temperature GR1 titanium can handle in air?

300 to 400 degrees Celsius. Above this temperature, titanium oxidizes rapidly and forms a brittle surface layer. For continuous high temperature service above 400°C, use a different material or provide an inert atmosphere.

2. Can GR1 titanium be used in contact with food?

Yes. GR1 titanium is biologically inert and non-toxic. It is used in food processing equipment, especially for acidic or salty foods that would corrode stainless steel. No coating or plating is needed.

3. Does GR1 titanium require special storage before fabrication?

Store indoors in a dry area. Keep away from chlorinated solvents and strong acids. Do not store directly on concrete, which can trap moisture. Use wood or plastic pallets. Surface contamination can affect weld quality.

4. Can GR1 titanium be bent after welding?

Yes, but be careful. The weld zone is slightly harder than the base metal. Bend with a larger radius than you would use for base metal. If possible, bend first and then weld. Post-weld bending increases crack risk.

5. What surface finish is best for GR1 titanium parts?

Pickled or ground finish for corrosion service. Mill scale can trap corrosive media. For heat exchanger tubes, a clean smooth surface is required. For decorative applications, GR1 can be color anodized.

6. Can GR1 titanium be laser cut?

Yes. Laser cutting is common for sheet and plate. The cut edge will have a heat affected zone about 1 to 2 mm deep. Machine or grind off this layer for critical fatigue applications.

7. How long does GR1 titanium last in seawater?

20 to 30 years or more. GR1 does not corrode in seawater. The limiting factor is usually mechanical damage or fouling, not corrosion. Many seawater systems from the 1980s are still running on original GR1 titanium tubing.

8. Can GR1 titanium be used for springs?

No. GR1 has low modulus and low yield strength. It does not make a good spring. For titanium springs, use beta alloys like Ti-15V-3Cr-3Al-3Sn or GR5 in some cases.

9. Is GR1 titanium recyclable?

Yes. Titanium is fully recyclable. Scrap GR1 can be remelted into new material. The recycling value is high because titanium is expensive to produce from ore. Many suppliers buy back clean scrap.

10. What is the difference between GR1 titanium and CP1 titanium?

No difference. CP1 stands for Commercially Pure Grade 1. CP1 and GR1 are the same material. Some suppliers use CP naming instead of ASTM grade numbers. CP2 is GR2, CP3 is GR3, and so on.

11. Can GR1 titanium be plated or coated?

Yes. GR1 can be anodized, plated, or coated. Anodizing produces colored oxide layers. For wear resistance, thermal spray coatings like tungsten carbide are used. For MMO anodes, a mixed metal oxide coating is applied.

12. How does cold working affect GR1 titanium properties?

Cold working increases strength and hardness but decreases elongation. A cold worked GR1 tube may have yield strength of 310 MPa instead of 170 MPa. But elongation drops from 24 percent to about 15 percent. Annealing restores ductility.

13. Can GR1 titanium be used for cryogenic applications?

Yes. GR1 becomes stronger at low temperatures without becoming brittle. It is used for cryogenic vessels and piping for liquid nitrogen and liquid oxygen. No ductile-to-brittle transition like steel.

14. What is the fatigue strength of GR1 titanium?

About 200 to 250 MPa at 10 million cycles for smooth polished specimens. Actual fatigue strength depends on surface finish, geometry, and loading. Welds and surface scratches reduce fatigue life significantly.