Basic Meaning Of The Word Titanium

It took more than 100 years from the discovery of the element titanium to the production of a pure product. The real use and recognition of titanium itself came after the 1940s.

Ten kilometers thick layer of the earth's surface, containing titanium up to six thousandths, 61 times more than copper, the content of the earth's crust ranked 10th (the ranking of elements in the earth's crust: oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, hydrogen, titanium). Just grab a handful of soil from the ground, which contains a few thousandths of titanium, the world's reserves of more than 10 million tons of titanium ore is not rare.

There are hundreds of millions of tons of sand and gravel on the beach, titanium and zirconium, two kinds of minerals heavier than sand and gravel, mixed in the sand and gravel, after millions of years of seawater day and night washing, the heavier ilmenite and zirconium sand ore washed together, in the long coast, formed a piece of titanium and zirconium ore layer. This layer of ore is a black sand, usually a few centimeters to tens of centimeters thick.

Titanium is not magnetic, and nuclear submarines built with it do not have to worry about magnetic mines.

It was only in 1947 that people began smelting titanium in factories. That year, only 2 tons were produced, and in 1955, production increased to 20,000 tons; in 1972, production reached 200,000 tons per year. Titanium's hardness is similar to that of steel, while its weight is almost half that of steel in the same volume. Although titanium is slightly heavier than aluminum, its hardness is two times greater than that of aluminum. Now, in the universe of rockets and missiles, a large number of titanium instead of steel. According to statistics, the world's annual titanium used in cosmic navigation, has reached more than a thousand tons. Very fine titanium powder, or rocket fuel, so titanium is known as the universe of metal, space metal.

Titanium's heat resistance is very good, melting point up to 1668 ℃. At room temperature, titanium can lie unharmed in a variety of strong acid and alkali solutions. Even the most ferocious acid, aqua regia, cannot corrode it. Titanium is not afraid of seawater, some people have sunk a piece of titanium to the bottom of the sea, five years later to take up a look, the top of the sticking a lot of small animals and undersea plants, but there is no rust, is still bright and shiny.

Now, people began to use titanium to manufacture submarines - titanium submarines. Because titanium is very strong and can withstand high pressure, this kind of submarine can sail in the deep sea as deep as 4500 meters.

Titanium is a chemical element with the chemical symbol Ti and atomic number 22. It is a silvery-white transition metal characterized by light weight, high strength, metallic luster, and good resistance to corrosion (including seawater, aqua regia and chlorine). Due to its stable chemical properties, good resistance to high and low temperatures, strong acids and alkalis, as well as high strength and low density, it is known as the "space metal" .

Titanium was discovered by William Gregor in Cornwall, England in 1791 and named by Martin Heinrich Klaproth after the Titans of Greek mythology.

Titanium is considered a rare metal due to its dispersed presence in nature and difficulty in extraction. However, its relative abundance is the tenth highest of all the elements.[3] The main ores of titanium are the titanic ores. [3] The main ores of titanium are ilmenite and rutile, which are widespread in the Earth's crust and lithosphere. Titanium is also present in almost all living organisms, rocks, water bodies and soils [4]. Titanium is extracted from the major ores using the Kroll[5] or Hunt method. The most common compound of titanium, titanium dioxide, is used to make white pigments[6]. Other compounds include titanium tetrachloride (TiCl₄) (used as a catalyst and in the manufacture of smokescreens or aerial letters) and titanium trichloride (TiCl₃) (used to catalyze the production of polypropylene)[4].

Titanium can be alloyed with other elements such as iron, aluminum, vanadium, or molybdenum to create high-strength light alloys that have a wide range of applications in aerospace (jet engines, missiles, and spacecraft), military, industrial processes (chemicals and petroleum products, desalination, and paper), automotive, agri-foods, medicine (prosthetics, orthopedic implants, and dental instruments and fillings), sporting goods, jewelry, and cellular phones, among others. [4].

Two of the most useful properties of titanium are, corrosion resistance, and the highest strength-to-weight ratio of any metal [7]. In its unalloyed state, titanium is as strong as some steels, but 45% lighter [8]. There are two isotopes[9] and five naturally occurring isotopes ranging from Ti to Ti, with the highest abundance being Ti (73.8%)[10]. The chemical and physical properties of titanium are similar to those of zirconium due to the fact that both have the same number of valence electrons and belong to the same group in the periodic table.