Alpha-Beta Titanium Alloys
α+ β alloys contain both α- and β-phase stabilizing elements. The properties of such alloys can be improved by heat treatment and/or thermomechanical processing. They are characterized by a martensitic transformation during rapid cooling from the β-region to room temperature. The well-known Ti-6Al-4V is found in this combination of alloys.
Description
α-β alloys have higher strength and respond to heat treatment, but they are less formable than α alloys. Welding efficiency can be as high as 100%. These alloys account for over 70% of all commercially available titanium alloys. Some important α-β alloys include Ti-3Al-2.5V, Ti-5Al-2Sn-2Zr-4Mo-4Cr (Ti-17), Ti-6Al-2Sn-2Zr-2Mo-2Cr-0.25 Si, Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo and Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn.
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Mechanical properties of α+β titanium alloys
| Alloy designation (wt%) | Tensile strength (MPa) | Yield strength (MPa) | Elongation (%) | Elastic modulus (GPa) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ti-6Al-4V ELI (annealed) | 860–965 | 795–875 | 10–15 | 101–110 |
| Ti-6Al-4V (annealed) | 895–930 | 825–869 | 6–10 | 110–114 |
| Ti-6Al-7Nb (wrought) | 900–1050 | 880–950 | 8.1–15 | 114 |
| Ti-5Al-2.5Fe (cast) | 1020 | 895 | 15 | 112 |
| Ti-5Al-2Sn-2Zr-4Mo-4Cr (STA) | 1105–1240 | 1035–1075 | 8–15 | 114 |
| Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo (STA) | 1170 | 1100 | 6 | 114 |
| Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn (air-cooled annealed) | 993–1013 | 903–937 | 8 | 110 |
| Ti-7Al-4Mo (annealed) | 1000 | 930 | 10 | 111 |
| Ti-8Mn (annealed) | 1000 | 930 | 15 | 113 |
α/β alloys with higher β stabilizer content and [Mo] equivalents in the range of 5%-10% have improved formability and malleability due to the higher number of slip systems in the BCC β phase. These β-rich α/β alloys have lower T β, better hardenability, good heat treatment response, and higher strength in the room to medium temperature range compared to Ti-6Al-4V. Two alloys processed as forgings and used in engine components are Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo and Ti-5Al-2Zr-2Sn-4Mo-4Mo-4Mo. -2Sn-4Mo-4Cr (Ti-17).
Alpha/beta alloys contain one or more alpha and beta stabilizers. These alloys retain more β-phase after final heat treatment than near-α alloys and can be strengthened by solid solution treatment and aging, although they are usually used in the annealed condition. Solid solution treatments are usually carried out at high α/β phase fields, followed by aging at lower temperatures to precipitate the α-phase, resulting in a mixture of relatively coarse incipient α-phase and fine α-phase in the α/β matrix. Solid solution treatment and aging can increase the strength of these alloys by up to 80%. Alloys with low beta stabilizer content (e.g., Ti-6Al-4V (wt%) alloys) have poor hardenability and must be quenched rapidly for subsequent strengthening. Water quenching of Ti-6Al-4 V will only sufficiently harden cross-sections smaller than 25 mm (1 inch). The β stabilizer in α/β alloys improves hardenability.
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