Zirconium Metal
Zircon is relatively abundant in the Earth's crust, but is not deposited centrally and is characteristically observed in S-type stars. Zircon minerals are commonly found in alluvial deposits in riverbeds, beaches, or old lakebeds and are the only commercial source of zirconium.
Description
The most important use of zirconium is in nuclear reactor cladding fuel rods, uranium alloying, and reactor core structures due to its unique combination of properties. Zirconium has good strength at elevated temperatures, resists corrosion from rapidly circulating coolants, does not form highly radioactive isotopes, and can withstand mechanical damage from neutron bombardment. Hafnium is present in all zirconium ores and must be rigorously removed from metals used in reactors because it strongly absorbs thermal neutrons.
Products Description
Zirconium does not absorb neutrons, making it ideal for use in nuclear power plants. over 90% of zirconium is used in this way. Nuclear reactors may have over 100,000 meters of zirconium alloy tubing. Like niobium and zirconium, it is superconductive at low temperatures and can be used to make superconducting magnets.
Zirconium metal is protected by a thin oxide layer, giving it excellent resistance to corrosion by acids, alkalis and seawater. It is therefore widely used by the chemical industry.
Zirconia(IV) is used in the manufacture of super-strong ceramics. It is used in the manufacture of heat and shock resistant crucibles, furnace linings, casting bricks, abrasives and in the glass and ceramics industry. It is so strong that it can even be used to make scissors and knives. It is also used in cosmetics, antiperspirants, food packaging and in the manufacture of microwave filters.
High level of metal production technology
Zirconium Metal Properties (Theoretical)
| Molecular Weight | 91.22 |
|---|---|
| Appearance | Gray metal in various forms |
| Melting Point | 1852 °C |
| Boiling Point | 3580 °C |
| Density | 6506 kg/m3 |
| Solubility in H2O | N/A |
| Electrical Resistivity | 40.0 microhm-cm @ 20 oC °C |
| Electronegativity | 1.4 Paulings |
| Heat of Fusion | 5.50 Cal/gm mole |
| Heat of Vaporization | 120 K-Cal/gm atom at 4377 °C |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.34 |
| Specific Heat | 0.0671 Cal/g/K @ 25 oC °C |
| Tensile Strength | 230 MPa |
| Thermal Conductivity | 0.227 W/cm/K @ 298.2 K |
| Thermal Expansion | (25 °C) 5.7 µm·m-1·K-1 |
| Vickers Hardness | 903 MPa |
| Young's Modulus | 88 GPa |
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